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James Lind LibraryThe James Lind Library
Illustrating the development of fair tests of treatments in health care

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Tebrock HE, Arminio JJ, Johnston JH (1956)

Usefulness of bioflavinoids and ascorbic acid in treatment of common cold. JAMA 162:1227-1233.

Key passage(s)

Tebrock-etal-1956-kp1 Tebrock-etal-1956-kp2 Tebrock-etal-1956-kp3 Tebrock-etal-1956-kp4 Tebrock-etal-1956-kp5 Tebrock-etal-1956-kp6 Tebrock-etal-1956-kp7

Whole article

Download the full article as a PDF

Tebrock HE, Arminio JJ, Johnston JH (1956). JAMA 162(13):1227-1233.

Acknowledgements

The editors are grateful to:

JAMA for allowing the James Lind Library to link to this and other articles of historical relevance (email to Iain Chalmers from Annette Flanagin, 29 August 2014).

RELEVANT TOPICS

  • Treatment comparisons must be fair
  • Factorial design
  • Allocation bias
  • Observer bias
  • Quantifying uncertainty

Key articles

  • Doll R (2003).
    Controlled trials testing two or more treatments simultaneously.

All topics

  • Individual patient data
  • Pre-clinical
  • Fair tests of treatments
    • The need to address treatment uncertainties
      • Principles of Testing
    • Treatment comparisons are essential
      • Dramatic effects
      • Placebo effects
    • Treatment comparisons must be fair
  • Biases
    • Design bias
    • Allocation bias
      • N-of-1 crossover
      • Cluster allocation
      • Crossover tests
      • Factorial design
    • Co-intervention bias
    • Observer bias
      • Double dummy
    • Analysis bias
    • Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
    • Reporting bias
    • Biases in systematic reviews
    • Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
  • The play of chance
    • Recording and interpreting numbers
    • Quantifying uncertainty
    • Using meta-analysis
  • Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
    • Improving reports of research
    • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews
    • Using the results of research

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