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James Lind LibraryThe James Lind Library
Illustrating the development of fair tests of treatments in health care

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Franz WL, Sands GW, Heyl HL (1956)

Blood ascorbic acid level in bioflavinoid and ascorbic acid therapy of common cold. JAMA 162:1224-1226.

Key passage(s)

Franz-etal-1956-kp1 Franz-etal-1956-kp2 Franz-etal-1956-kp3 Franz-etal-1956-kp4

Whole article

Download the full article as a PDF

Franz WL, Sands GW, Heyl HL (1956). JAMA 162(13):1224-1226.

Acknowledgements

The editors are grateful to:

JAMA for allowing the James Lind Library to link to this and other articles of historical relevance (email to Iain Chalmers from Annette Flanagin, 29 August 2014).

RELEVANT TOPICS

  • Factorial design
  • Allocation bias
  • Observer bias

Key articles

  • Doll R (2003).
    Controlled trials testing two or more treatments simultaneously.

All topics

  • Individual patient data
  • Pre-clinical
  • Fair tests of treatments
    • The need to address treatment uncertainties
      • Principles of Testing
    • Treatment comparisons are essential
      • Dramatic effects
      • Placebo effects
    • Treatment comparisons must be fair
  • Biases
    • Design bias
    • Allocation bias
      • N-of-1 crossover
      • Cluster allocation
      • Crossover tests
      • Factorial design
    • Co-intervention bias
    • Observer bias
      • Double dummy
    • Analysis bias
    • Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
    • Reporting bias
    • Biases in systematic reviews
    • Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
  • The play of chance
    • Recording and interpreting numbers
    • Quantifying uncertainty
    • Using meta-analysis
  • Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
    • Improving reports of research
    • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews
    • Using the results of research

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