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James Lind LibraryThe James Lind Library
Illustrating the development of fair tests of treatments in health care

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Tudur Smith C, Marcucci M, Nolan SJ, Iorio A, Sudell M, Riley R, Rovers MM, Williamson PR (2016)

Individual participant data meta-analyses compared with meta-analyses based on aggregate data. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 9. Art. No.: MR000007.DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000007.pub3.

Title page(s)

Smith_et_al-2016-The_Cochrane_Library.sup-1_tp

Key passage(s)

Smith_et_al-2016-The_Cochrane_Library.sup-1_kp1 Smith_et_al-2016-The_Cochrane_Library.sup-1_kp2

Whole article

Download a summary of the review as a PDF

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RELEVANT TOPICS

  • Allocation bias
  • Observer bias
  • Reporting bias
  • Biases in systematic reviews
  • The play of chance
  • Quantifying uncertainty
  • Using meta-analysis
  • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews

All topics

  • Individual patient data
  • Pre-clinical
  • Fair tests of treatments
    • The need to address treatment uncertainties
      • Principles of Testing
    • Treatment comparisons are essential
      • Dramatic effects
      • Placebo effects
    • Treatment comparisons must be fair
  • Biases
    • Design bias
    • Allocation bias
      • N-of-1 crossover
      • Cluster allocation
      • Crossover tests
      • Factorial design
    • Co-intervention bias
    • Observer bias
      • Double dummy
    • Analysis bias
    • Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
    • Reporting bias
    • Biases in systematic reviews
    • Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
  • The play of chance
    • Recording and interpreting numbers
    • Quantifying uncertainty
    • Using meta-analysis
  • Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
    • Improving reports of research
    • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews
    • Using the results of research

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