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James Lind LibraryThe James Lind Library
Illustrating the development of fair tests of treatments in health care

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Percival T (1803)

Medical ethics or, a code of institutes and precepts adapted to the professional conduct of physicians and surgeons. Manchester: S Russell for J Johnson.
Percival 1803: Percival noted that, when no treatment is known, the interests of the public require a search for new remedies, “scrupulously and conscientiously governed by sound reason, just analogy, or well authenticated fact”.

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Title page(s)

Percival_featured

Key passage(s)

percival-kp1

percival-kp2

Whole article

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RELEVANT TOPICS

  • Treatment comparisons are essential
  • Recording and interpreting numbers

Other articles

  • Booth CC (2002).
    John Haygarth FRS (1740-1827).

All topics

  • Fair tests of treatments
    • The need to address treatment uncertainties
      • Principles of Testing
    • Treatment comparisons are essential
      • Placebo effects
      • Dramatic effects
    • Treatment comparisons must be fair
  • Biases
    • Design bias
    • Allocation bias
      • N-of-1 crossover
      • Cluster allocation
      • Factorial design
      • Crossover tests
    • Co-intervention bias
    • Observer bias
      • Double dummy
    • Analysis bias
    • Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
    • Reporting bias
    • Biases in systematic reviews
    • Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
  • The play of chance
    • Recording and interpreting numbers
    • Quantifying uncertainty
    • Using meta-analysis
  • Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
    • Improving reports of research
    • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews
    • Using the results of research

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