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James Lind LibraryThe James Lind Library
Illustrating the development of fair tests of treatments through history

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International Anticoagulant Review Group (1970)

Collaborative analysis of long-term anti-coagulant administration after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1:203-209.

Key passage(s)

IAR-Group-1970-kp1 IAR-Group-1970-kp2

Whole article

IAR-Group-1970-wa1 IAR-Group-1970-wa2 IAR-Group-1970-wa3 IAR-Group-1970-wa4 IAR-Group-1970-wa5 IAR-Group-1970-wa6 IAR-Group-1970-wa7

RELEVANT TOPICS

  • Biases in systematic reviews
  • Using meta-analysis
  • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews

Key articles

  • Reid CM (2008).
    Donald Darnley Reid (1914-1977).
  • Clarke M (2015).
    History of evidence synthesis to assess treatment effects: personal reflections on something that is very much alive.

All topics

  • Individual patient data
  • Pre-clinical
  • Fair tests of treatments
    • The need to address treatment uncertainties
      • Principles of Testing
    • Treatment comparisons are essential
      • Dramatic effects
      • Placebo effects
    • Treatment comparisons must be fair
  • Biases
    • Design bias
    • Allocation bias
      • N-of-1 crossover
      • Cluster allocation
      • Crossover tests
      • Factorial design
    • Co-intervention bias
    • Observer bias
      • Double dummy
    • Analysis bias
    • Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
    • Reporting bias
    • Biases in systematic reviews
    • Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
  • The play of chance
    • Recording and interpreting numbers
    • Quantifying uncertainty
    • Using meta-analysis
  • Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
    • Improving reports of research
    • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews
    • Using the results of research

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