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James Lind LibraryThe James Lind Library
Illustrating the development of fair tests of treatments in health care

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Hogben L, Sim M (1953)

The self-controlled and self-recorded clinical trial for low grade morbidity. British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine 7,163-179.

Key passage(s)

hogben_kp1

hogben_kp2

hogben_kp3

hogben_kp4

Other material(s)

Davey Smith G, Egger M (1998). Lancelot Hogben on speed: the forgotten history of the n-of-1 trial (abstract). J Epidemiol Community Health 52:697-698.

RELEVANT TOPICS

  • N-of-1 crossover
  • Crossover tests
  • Observer bias

Key articles

  • Mirza RD, Punja S, Vohra S, Guyatt G (2017).
    The history and development of N of 1 trials.

All topics

  • Individual patient data
  • Pre-clinical
  • Fair tests of treatments
    • The need to address treatment uncertainties
      • Principles of Testing
    • Treatment comparisons are essential
      • Dramatic effects
      • Placebo effects
    • Treatment comparisons must be fair
  • Biases
    • Design bias
    • Allocation bias
      • N-of-1 crossover
      • Cluster allocation
      • Crossover tests
      • Factorial design
    • Co-intervention bias
    • Observer bias
      • Double dummy
    • Analysis bias
    • Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
    • Reporting bias
    • Biases in systematic reviews
    • Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
  • The play of chance
    • Recording and interpreting numbers
    • Quantifying uncertainty
    • Using meta-analysis
  • Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
    • Improving reports of research
    • Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews
    • Using the results of research

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