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James Lind Library
Illustrating the development of fair tests of treatments in health care
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Hemminki E (1981)
Quality of reports of clinical trials submitted by the drug industry to the Finnish and Swedish control authorities. European Journal of Clincal Pharmacology 19:157-165.
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Key passage(s)
Portrait(s)
Elina Hemminki (1948)
RELEVANT TOPICS
Improving reports of research
All topics
Fair tests of treatments
The need to address treatment uncertainties
Treatment comparisons are essential
Placebo effects
Treatment comparisons must be fair
Biases
Design bias
Allocation bias
N-of-1 crossover
Cluster allocation
Crossover tests
Factorial design
Co-intervention bias
Observer bias
Double dummy
Analysis bias
Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
Reporting bias
Biases in systematic reviews
Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
The play of chance
Recording and interpreting numbers
Quantifying uncertainty
Using meta-analysis
Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
Improving reports of research
Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews
Using the results of research
