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Papin D (1704) 123. Papin an Leibniz. In: Gerland E (1881) Leibnizens und Huygens’ Briefwechsel mit Papin. Berlin:Verlag der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. p 328. View
Smellie W (1752) A treatise on the theory and practice of Midwifery. 2nd edition. London: D. Wilson, T Durham, p 224. View
Pierce R (1763) Quoted in Sutherland A. Attempts to revive ancient medical doctrines Volume 1. London: A Millar, pp xxiii-xxiv. View
Cullen W (1772) Clinical lectures. Edinburgh, Feb-April, 218-219. View
Commission Royale. Bailly A (1784) Rapport des commissaires chargés par le Roi, de l'examen du magnétisme animale [Report of the Comissioners required by the King to examine animal magnetism]. Imprimé par ordre du Roi. Paris: A Paris, de L'Imprimerie Royale. View
Hunter J (1788) A treatise on the venereal disease. London: G Nicol and J Johnson, pp 69-70. View
Gordon A (1788) The practice of physick. Unpublished manuscript. View
Trotter T (1792) Observations on the scurvy. London: Longman, pp 137-138, 184. View
Ministry of Internal Affairs (1832) [Conclusion of the Medical Council regarding homeopathic treatment] . Zhurnal Ministerstva Vnutrennih del;3:49-63. View
Hunter J (1835) The works of John Hunter FRS, edited by James F Palmer, Vol 1. London: Longman et al., p 360. View
Forbes J (1846) Homoeopathy, allopathy and “young physic”. British and Foreign Medical Review 225-265. View
Flint A (1863) A contribution toward the natural history of articular rheumatism; consisting of a report of thirteen cases treated solely with palliative measures. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 46:17-36. View
Sutton HG (1865) Cases of rheumatic fever treated for the most part by mint water. Guy’s Hospital Reports 2:392-428. View
Anonymous (1890) The placebo in medicine. Medical Press 1890:18th June p642. View
Moll A (1891) Hypnotism. London: Walter Scott, p 224. View
Rivers WHR (1908) The influence of alcohol and other drugs on fatigue. London: Edward Arnold. View
Riseman JEF, Brown MG (1937) Medicinal treatment of angina pectoris. Archives of Internal Medicine 60:100-118. View
Bahnsen P, Jacobsen E, Thesleff H (1938) Studien über die Wirkung von beta-phenyl-isopropylaminsulfdat (Mecodrin) auf normale Menschen. [Studies on the effect of beta-phenyl-isopropylaminsulfdat (Mecodrin) on normal volunteers]. Klinische Wochenschrift 17:1074-1078. View
Rinzler SH, Bakst H, Benjamin Z, Bobb AL, Travell J (1950) Failure of alpha tocopherol to influence chest pain in patients with heart disease. Circulation 1:288-293. View
Rinzler SH, Travell J, Bakst H, Benjamin ZH, Rosenthal RL, Rosenfeld S, Hirsch BB (1953) Effect of heparin in effort angina. American Journal of Medicine 14:438-447. View
Greiner T, Bross I, Gold H (1957) A method for evaluation of laxative habits in human subjects. Journal of Chronic Diseases 6:244-255. View
Kerr DNS, Davidson S (1958) Gastrointestinal intolerance to oral iron preparations. Lancet 2:489-492. View
Gracely RH, Dubner R, Deeter WR, Wolskee PJ (1985) Clinicians’ expectations influence placebo analgesia. Lancet 325:43. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90984-5 View
Waller LA (1997) A note on Harold S Diehl, randomization, and clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 18: 180-183. View
Wartolowska K, Judge A, Hopewell S, Collins GS, Dean BJF, Rombach I, Brindley D, Savulescu J, Beard DJ, Carr AJ (2014) Use of placebo controls in the evaluation of surgery: systematic review. BMJ 348:g3253. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g3253. View
Wartolowska KA, Collins GS, Hopewell S, Judge A, Dean BJF, Rombach I, Beard DJ, Carr AJ (2016) Feasibility of surgical randomised controlled trials with a placebo arm: a systematic review. BMJ Open 6: p.e010194. View
Moustgaard H, Clayton GL, Jones HE, Boutron I, Jørgensen L, Laursen DRT, Olsen MF, Paludan-Müller A, Ravaud P, Savović J, Sterne JAC, Higgins JPT, Hróbjartsson A (2020) Impact of blinding on estimated treatment effects in randomised clinical trials: meta-epidemiological study. BMJ 368, l6802. View
D'Aquila RT, Hughes MD, Johnson VA, Fischl MA, Sommadossi JP, Liou SH, Timpone J, Myers M, Basgoz N, Niu M, Hirsch MS (2021) Nevirapine, zidovudine, and didanosine compared with zidovudine and didanosine in patients with HIV-1 infection. A randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlled trial. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 241 Investigators. Annals of Internal Medicine 124:1019-1030. View
Faltinsen E, Todorovac A, Staxen Bruun L, Hróbjartsson A, Gluud C, Kongerslev MT, Simonsen E, Storebø OJ (2022) Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4(4):MR000050. View
Laursen DRT, Nejstgaard CH, Bjørkedal E, Frost AD, Hansen MR, Paludan-Müller AS, Prosenz J, Werner CP, Hróbjartsson A. (2023) Impact of active placebo controls on estimated drug effects in randomised trials: a systematic review of trials with both active placebo and standard placebo. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3(3):MR000055. View
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Armitage P† (2003).Some recollections of the early years of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Statistical Research Unit. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation. View
Marson Smith P, Colquhoun D, Chalmers I (2019).John Henry Gaddum’s 1940 guidance on controlled clinical trials JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation. View
Senn SJ, Chalmers I (2021).Giving and taking: ethical treatment assignment in controlled trials. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation. View
Podolsky SH (2022).The (Harry) Gold Standard: angina, suggestion, and the path to the “double-blind” test and Clinical Pharmacology. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation. View
Glasziou P, Matthews R, Boutron I, Chalmers I, Armitage P† (2023)The differences and overlaps between ‘explanatory’ and ‘pragmatic’ controlled trials: a historical perspective. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation. View
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