Design bias

The design of treatment research often reflects commercial and academic interests; ignores relevant existing evidence; uses comparison treatments known in advance to be inferior; and ignores needs of users of research results (patients, health professionals and others).


 

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McCall WA (1923)
How to experiment in education. New York: Macmillan.

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Bjerkelund CJ (1957)
The effect of long-term treatment with dicoumarol in myocardial infarction. A controlled clinical study. Acta Med Scand Suppl 330:1-212.

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Mainland D (1963)
Elementary medical statistics: 2nd edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.

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Campbell DT, Stanley JC (1963)
Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company.

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Newcombe RG (1988)
Explanatory and pragmatic estimates of the treatment effect when deviations from allocated treatment occur. . Statistics in Medicine Volume 7, Issue 11 p. 1179-1186.

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Davidson I, Hillier VF (2002)
Comparison of four methods of allocation for clinical trials with small sample sizes. Physiotherapy 88;12:722-729, ISSN 0031-9406.

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Misemer BS, Platts-Mills TF, Jones CW (2016)
Citation bias favoring positive clinical trials of thrombolytics for acute ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional analysis. Trials 17:473.

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Page MJ, Higgins JPT, Clayton G, Sterne JAC, Hróbjartsson A, Savović J (2016)
Empirical Evidence of Study Design Biases in Randomized Trials: Systematic Review of Meta-Epidemiological Studies. PLOS ONE 11(7):e0159267.

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Faltinsen E, Todorovac A, Staxen Bruun L, Hróbjartsson A, Gluud C, Kongerslev MT, Simonsen E, Storebø OJ (2022)
Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4(4):MR000050.

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Mann H, Djulbegovic B (2012).
Comparator bias: why comparisons must address genuine uncertainties. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Nylenna, M (2023).
Paul Owren, Christopher Bjerkelund and the dawn of controlled trials in Norway. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Glasziou P, Matthews R, Boutron I, Chalmers I, Armitage P† (2023)
The differences and overlaps between ‘explanatory’ and ‘pragmatic’ controlled trials: a historical perspective. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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