INTERVENTIONS — PHYSICAL

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Pierce R (1763)
Quoted in Sutherland A. Attempts to revive ancient medical doctrines Volume 1. London: A Millar, pp xxiii-xxiv.

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Charleton R (1770)
An inquiry into the efficacy of warm bathing in palsies. Oxford: Clarendon.

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Millar J (1779)
Observations on the management of the prevailing diseases particularly in the Army and Navy. London, for the author.

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Rowley W (1793)
The causes of a great number of deaths amongst adults and children. 2nd edn. London: Newbery.

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Gordon A (1795)
A treatise on the epidemic puerperal fever of Aberdeen. In: Churchill F, ed (1849). Essays on the puerperal fever and other diseases selected from the writings of British authors previous to the close of the eighteenth century. London: Sydenham Society, p 445-500.

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Currie J (1797)
Medical reports on the effects of water, cold and warm, as a remedy in fever, and febrile diseases. Liverpool and London: M’Creery and Cadell.

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Fordyce G (1798)
A third dissertation on fever, Parts I & II. London: J Johnson.

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Millar J (1798)
Observations on the management of diseases in the Army and Navy in reply to Dr. Monroe. London: for the Author.

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Haygarth J (1803)
A letter to Dr Percival on the prevention of infections, fevers… Annals of Medicine. Vol II, Lustrum II, 51-78.

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Currie W (1804)
Medical reports of the effects of water: cold and warm as a remedy in fever and febrile diseases. Vol. 2. London: M’Creery & Cadell.

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Cuming R (1805)
On the use of aqua frigida in scalds, in epidemic ophthalmia, and the effects of cold on the human body. Medical and Physical Journal. 14:239-241.

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Haygarth J (1805)
A clinical history of diseases 1. Acute rheumatism. 2. Nodosity of the joints. London: Cadell and Davies.

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Falconer W (1807)
A practical dissertation on the effects of the medicinal effects of the Bath waters. London and Bath: Robinson & Crutwell. 3rd edition Bath: Meyler and London: Robinson, pp 29, 40-41, 50-52, 72-74, 99, 101, 106, 115-116, 117, 124.

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Blane G (1813)
Observations on the comparative prevalence, mortality, & treatment of different diseases.... Medico-chirurgical Transactions, Vol 4, p 89-141, London.

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MacGrigor J (1816)
Sketch of the medical history of the British armies in the peninsula of Spain and Portugal, during the late campaigns. Medico-chirurgical Transactions 6:381-489.

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Sutton HG (1865)
Cases of rheumatic fever treated for the most part by mint water. Guy’s Hospital Reports 2:392-428.

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Jürgensen T (1866)
Klinische Studien über die Behandlung des Abdominalytyphus mittelst des kalten wassers [Clinical studes on the treatment of abdominal typhus with cold water]. Leipzig, Vogel, pviii.

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Finsen NR (1896)
Om Anvendelse I Medicinen af koncentrerede kemiske Lysstraaler. [On the application in medicine of concentrated chemical rays of light]. Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag.

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Celli A (1900)
The new prophylaxis against malaria in Lazio. Lancet 156; 4031:1603-1606.

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Celli A (1900)
La nuova profilassi della malaria nel Lazio [The new prophylaxis against malaria in Lazio]. Supplemento al Policlinico 6:1601-1606.

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Gorgas WC (1902)
Mosquito work in Havana. New York: William Wood and Company.

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Fehling H (1903)
Zur Prophylaxe und Therapie des Puerperalfiebers [On the prophylaxis and treatment of puerperal fever]. Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 18 Aug.

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Döderlein D (1910)
The origin and prevention of puerperal fever. BMJ 2:1222-24.

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Plass ED (1916)
Post partum care of perineum. Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital 27:107-109.

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Avata AA, Woodyatt RT (1918)
Treatment of facial erysipelas at Camp Cody, N.M. JAMA 71:900-01.

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Bleuler E (1919)
Das Autistisch-Undisziplinierte Denken in der Medizin und Seine Überwindung [Autistic-undisciplined thinking in medicine and how to overcome it]. Berlin: Springer.

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Pearl R (1919)
A statistical discussion of the relative efficacy of different methods of treating pneumonia. Archives of Internal Medicine 24:398-403.

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Johnston RA, Siddall RS (1922)
Is the usual method of preparing patients for delivery beneficial or necessary? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 4:645-650.

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Malaria Commission of the Health Organisation (1925)
Report on its tour of investigation in certain European countries in 1924. Geneva: League of Nations. C.H. 273.

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Swellengrebel NH (1925)
A summary of the more important facts on adult anophelines and their larvae observed by us or brought to our notice duing our tour through eastern Europe and Italy (May-September 1924). pp183-190. In: Malaria Commission of the Health Organisation (1925). Report on its tour of investigation in certain European countries in 1924. Geneva: League of Nations. C.H. 273.

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Barenberg LH, Freidman I, Green W (1926)
The effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the health of a group of infants. JAMA 87(14):1114-1117.

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Colebrook D (1929)
Irradiation and health. Medical Research Council Special Report Series No.131.

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Heald CB (1929)
The present position of ultraviolet light therapy. BMJ 1:94-97.

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Doull JA, Hardy M, Clark JH, Herman NB (1931)
The effect of irradiation with ultra-violet light on the frequency of attacks of upper respiratory disease (common colds). American Journal of Hygiene 13:460-77.

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King D (1931)
Prevention of post-operative pulmonary complications. Report and Notices of Meetings. The New England Journal of Medicine 205:1320.

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Schauffler GC (1932)
Effect of knee-chest position and postural exercises on postpartum retroversion. JAMA 99:726-8.

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Kalke M (1935)
Hikoilukuurin vaikutuksesta influensan kulkuun ja sen leviämisestä eri paikkakunnilta saapuneiden asevelvollisten keskuuessa VJP:ssä v.1933. [The effect of a sweating cure on the course of influenza and its transmission among conscripts from different localities joining the Vuoksi Jaeger Battalion in 1933.] Sotilaslääketieteellinen Aikakauslehti, s28-34.

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Wetherbee W, Foley JA, Resnik J (1935)
Diathermy in pneumonia – preliminary report. New England Journal of Medicine 213:796-8.

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Rosenthal DB (1936)
The incidence of pleural effusion in artificial pneumothorax. BMJ 1:95-99.

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Hill AB (1937)
Artificial pneumothorax on statistical trial. Lancet 229: 535-536.

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Lanman TH, Heyl HL (1939)
Empyema in Children. New England Journal of Medicine 221:1003-1009.

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Sidell N, Abrams MI (1940)
Treatment of chronic arthritis. JAMA 144:1740-1742.

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Wright J, Cruickshank R, Gunn W (1944)
The control of dust-borne streptococcal infection in measles wards. BMJ 1:611-614.

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Wright J (1945)
Cross-infection risks in the hospitalization of measles patients. BMJ 1:285-289.

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Colebrook D (1946)
Artificial sunlight treatment in industry. MRC Industrial Health Research Board Report No. 89. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office.

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Waller H (1946)
The early failure of breast feeding: a clinical study of its causes and their prevention. Archives of Disease in Childhood 21:1-12.

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Kottke FJ, Teigen BS, Siegel S, Knapp ME (1948)
Evaluation of aids to muscle reeducation in the treatment of poliomyelitis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 30:141-147.

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Chalmers TC, Eckhardt RD, Reynolds WE, Cigarroa JG, Deane N, Reifenstein RW, Smith CW, Davidson CS (1955)
The treatment of acute infectious hepatitis. Controlled studies of the effects of diet, rest, and physical reconditioning on the acute course of the disease and on the incidence of relapses and residual abnormalities. Journal of Clinical Investigation 34: 1163-1235.

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Andrews G, Guitar B, Howie P (1980)
Meta-analysis of the effects of stuttering treatment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 45:287-307.

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Black RE, Dykes AC, Anderson KE, Wells JG, Sinclair SP, Gary GW Jr, Hatch MH, Gangarosa EJ (1981)
Handwashing to prevent diarrhea in day-care centers American Journal of Epidemiology. 113:445-51.

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Dwyer T, Coonan WE, Leitch DR, Hetzel BS, Baghurst RA (1983)
An investigation of the effects of daily physical activity on the health of primary school students in South Australia. International Journal of Epidemiology 12:308-13.

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Ottenbacher KJ, Petersen P (1983)
The efficacy of vestibular stimulation as a form of specific sensory enrichment. Quantitative review of literature. Clinical Pediatrics 23(8):428-433.

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Tran ZU, Weltman A, Glass GV, Mood DP (1983)
The effects of exercise on blood lipids and lipoproteins: A meta-analysis of studies. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 15(5):393-402.

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Mayer JA, Dubbert PM, Scott RR, Dawson BL, Ekstrand ML, Fondren TG (1987)
Breast self-examination: The effects of personalized prompts on practice frequency. Behavior Therapy 18:135-46.

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Stanton BF, Clemens JD (1987)
An educational intervention for altering water-sanitation behaviors to reduce childhood diarrhea in urban Bangladesh. II. A randomized trial to assess the impact of the intervention on hygienic behaviors and rates of diarrhea. American Journal of Epidemiology 125:292-301.

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Chalmers I, ed (1988)
The Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC (1989)
Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Sinclair JC, Bracken MB (1992)
Effective care of the newborn infant. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (1994)
The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database. Oxford: Update Software

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Davidson I, Hillier VF (2002)
Comparison of four methods of allocation for clinical trials with small sample sizes. Physiotherapy 88;12:722-729, ISSN 0031-9406.

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Glasziou P, Chalmers I, Rawlins M, McCulloch P (2007)
When are randomised trials unnecessary? Picking signal from noise. BMJ 334: 349-351.

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Pazzini A (1958).
Angelo Celli (1857-1914). JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Silverman WA† (2003).
Personal reflections on lessons learned from randomized trials involving newborn infants, 1951 to 1967. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Gøtzsche PC (2004).
Niels Finsen’s treatment for lupus vulgaris. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Spanager L (2005).
Jansen’s 1910 use of a single blind experiment to assess the effects of radioactive water on rheumatic diseases. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Nunn JF (2008).
A treatment that has stood the test of time for over three and a half millennia. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Sackett DL† (2008).
A 1955 clinical trial report that changed my career. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Edwards M (2010).
Dora Colebrook and the evaluation of light therapy. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Klingberg MA (2010).
An epidemiologist’s journey from typhus to thalidomide, and from the Soviet Union to Seveso. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Spanager L (2010).
Hans Ditlev Jansen (1875–1933). JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Ferroni E, Jefferson T, Gachelin G (2011).
Angelo Celli and research on the prevention of malaria in Italy a century ago. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Fox DM (2011).
Systematic reviews and health policy: the influence of a project on perinatal care since 1988. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Gachelin G (2013).
The interaction of scientific evidence and politics in debates about preventing malaria in 1925. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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La Rochelle P, Julien A-S (2013).
How dramatic were the effects of handwashing on maternal mortality observed by Ignaz Semmelweis? JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Loudon I (2013).
Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis’ studies of death in childbirth. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Bryder L (2014).
The Medical Research Council and treatments for tuberculosis before streptomycin. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Donaldson IML (2016).
Antoine de Lavoisier’s role in designing a single-blind trial to assess whether ‘Animal Magnetism’ exists. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Glasziou P, Matthews R, Boutron I, Chalmers I, Armitage P† (2023)
The differences and overlaps between ‘explanatory’ and ‘pragmatic’ controlled trials: a historical perspective. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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