Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG (1995)

Empirical evidence of bias: dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 273:408-412.

Key passage(s)

schulz-etal-1995-kp

Whole article

Download the full article as a PDF Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG (1995). JAMA 273(5):408-412. 

Acknowledgements

The James Lind Library is grateful to:

JAMA for allowing the James Lind Library to link to this and other articles of historical relevance (email to Iain Chalmers from Annette Flanagin, 29 August 2014).

BROWSE

Topics
Essays
Records
Articles

ABOUT

What is a fair test?
About the Library
Building the Library
Using the Library

COPYRIGHT

Where not otherwise indicated, material in the James Lind Library is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

FEEDBACK

Contact us

We welcome your suggestions for the design or content of the Library

Website by Minervation Ltd, supported by the James Lind Initiative and the Presidential Fund of the Swiss National Science Foundation.