Placebo effects
People who believe that a treatment will help to relieve their symptoms may well experience improvements in their condition – even though the treatment, in fact, has no active ingredient.
JLL Essay
1.2 Why treatment comparisons are essential Topics
- Individual patient data
- Pre-clinical
- Fair tests of treatments
- The need to address treatment uncertainties
- Treatment comparisons are essential
- Treatment comparisons must be fair
- Biases
- Design bias
- Allocation bias
- Co-intervention bias
- Observer bias
- Analysis bias
- Biases in judging unanticipated possible effects
- Reporting bias
- Biases in systematic reviews
- Researcher/sponsor bias and fraud
- The play of chance
- Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public