HEALTH PROBLEMS — CARDIOVASCULAR

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Home F (1780)
Clinical experiments, histories and dissections. Edinburgh: Creech; London: Murray.

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Fowler T (1785)
Medical reports of the effects of tobacco in the cure of dropsies and dysuries.... London: J Johnson.

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Withering W (1785)
An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses: with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases. London: J and J Robinson.

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Ferriar J (1792)
Medical histories and reflections. Vol 1. London: Cadell and Davies.

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Ferriar J (1795)
Medical histories and reflections. Vol. 2. London: Cadell and Davies.

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Rollo J (1801)
A short account of the Royal Artillery Hospital at Woolwich. London: Mawman.

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Warren J (1812)
Remarks on Angina Pectoris. New England Journal Medicine & Surgery 1:1-11.

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MacLean C (1818)
Results of an Investigation, respecting Epidemic and Pestilential Diseases. Vol. 2. London: Underwood.

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Harris KE (1927)
Series of cases of auricular fibrillation treated with quinidine sulphate. Heart 14:283-288.

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Lewis T (1930)
Angina pectoris associated with high blood pressure and its relief by amyl nitrate. Heart 14:305-327.

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Wyckoff J, DeGraaf AC, Parent S (1930)
Influence of salicylates on the heart in rheumatic fever. American Heart Journal 5:568-573.

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King D (1931)
Prevention of post-operative pulmonary complications. Report and Notices of Meetings. The New England Journal of Medicine 205:1320.

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Evans W, Hoyle C (1933)
The comparative value of drugs used in the continuous treatment of angina pectoris. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 7:311-338.

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Evans W, Hoyle C (1934)
The prevention and treatment of individual attacks of angina pectoris (angina of effort). Quarterly Journal of Medicine 3:105-135.

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Gold H, Kwit NT, Otto H (1937)
The xanthines (theobromine and aminophyllin) in the treatment of cardiac pain. JAMA 108;2173-2179.

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Theobald GW (1937)
Effect of calcium and vitamin A and D on incidence of pregnancy toxaemia. Lancet 2:1397-1399.

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Riseman JEF, Brown MG (1937)
Medicinal treatment of angina pectoris. Archives of Internal Medicine 60:100-118.

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Evans W, Loughman O (1939)
The drug treatment of hyperpiesia. British Heart Journal 1:199-228.

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Master AM, Jaffe HL, Dack S (1939)
The drug treatment of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. American Journal of Medical Science 197:774-782.

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Sigler LH, Tulgan J (1943)
Treatment of angina pectoris by testosterone propionate. New York State Journal of Medicine 43:1424-1428.

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Blalock A, Taussig HB (1945)
The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart: In which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. JAMA 128:189-202.

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Bakst H, Kissin M, Leibowitz S, Rinzler S (1948)
The effects of intravenous aminophylline on the capacity of effort without pain in patients with angina of effort. American Heart Journal 36:527-534.

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Elovainio E, Östling G (1948)
Observations on preoperative treatment with strophanthin. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae Fenniae 37:23-35.

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Makinson DH, Oleesky S, Stone RV (1948)
Vitamin E in angina pectoris. Lancet 1:102.

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Wright IS, Marple CD, Beck DF (1948)
Report of the Committee for the Evaluation of Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Coronary Thrombosis with Myocardial Infarction. American Heart Journal 36:801-815.

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Travell J, Rinzler SH, Bakst H, Benjamin ZH, Bobb AL (1949)
Comparison of effects of alpha-tocopherol and matching placebo on chest pain in patients with heart disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 52:345-53.

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Greiner T, Gold H, Cattel M, Travell J, Bakst H, Rinzler SH, Benjamin ZH, Warshaw LJ, Bobb AL, Kwit NT, Modell W, Rothendler HH, Messeloff CR, Kramer ML (1950)
A method for the evaluation of the effects of drugs on cardiac pain in patients with angina of effort. American Journal of Medicine 9: 143 - 155.

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Baker C, Brock RC, Campbell M (1950)
Valvulotomy for mitral stenosis; report of six successful cases. BMJ 1:1283–1293.

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Rinzler SH, Bakst H, Benjamin Z, Bobb AL, Travell J (1950)
Failure of alpha tocopherol to influence chest pain in patients with heart disease. Circulation 1:288-293.

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Baker C, Brock RC, Campbell M, Wood P (1952)
Valvulotomy for mitral stenosis; a further report on 100 cases. BMJ 1:1043–1055.

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Hamilton M, Wilson GM, Armitage P, Boyd JT (1953)
The treatment of intermittent claudication with Vitamin E. Lancet 1: 367-370.

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Rinzler SH, Travell J, Bakst H, Benjamin ZH, Rosenthal RL, Rosenfeld S, Hirsch BB (1953)
Effect of heparin in effort angina. American Journal of Medicine 14:438-447.

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Rheumatic Fever Working Party of the Medical Research Council of GB and the subcommittee of principal investigators of the American Council on Rheumatic Fever and Congenital Heart Disease, American Heart Association. (1955)
Treatment of acute rheumatic fever in children; a co-operative clinical trial of A.C.T.H., Cortisone, and Aspirin. BMJ 1:555-574

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Bjerkelund CJ (1957)
The effect of long-term treatment with dicoumarol in myocardial infarction. A controlled clinical study. Acta Med Scand Suppl 330:1-212.

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Robertson JD, Armitage P (1959)
Report of a clinical trial to compare two hypotensive agents. Anaesthesia 14:53-64.

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Waife SO, Shapiro AP (1959)
The clinical evaluation of new drugs. New York: Hoeber-Harper.

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Witts LJ (1959)
Medical surveys and clinical trials: some methods and applications of group research in medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Cobb LA, Thomas GI, Dillard DH, Merendino KA, Bruce RA (1959)
An Evaluation of Internal-Mammary-Artery Ligation by a Double-Blind Technic. New England Journal of Medicine 260:1115-1118.

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Dimond EG, Kittle CF, Crockett JE (1960)
Comparison of internal mammary artery ligation and sham operation for angina pectoris∗. The American Journal of Cardiology 5:483-486.

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Armitage P, Borchgrevink CF (1966)
Prevention of recurrences of myocardial infarction. Comments on a previous article. Archives of Internal Medicine 118:270-274.

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International Anticoagulant Review Group (1970)
Collaborative analysis of long-term anti-coagulant administration after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1:203-209.

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Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Group (1974)
Regular aspirin intake and acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 1:440-443.

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Elwood PC, Cochrane AL, Burr ML, Sweetnam PM, Williams G, Welsby E, Hughes SJ, Renton R (1974)
A randomized controlled trial of acetyl salicylic acid in the secondary prevention of mortality from myocardial infarction. BMJ 1:436-440.

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Chalmers TC, Matta RJ, Smith H, Kunzler A-M (1977)
Evidence favoring the use of anticoagulants in the hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 297:1091-96.

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Colombo F, Shapiro S, Slone D, Tognoni G (1977)
Epidemiological evaluation of drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.

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The Pooling Project Research Group (1978)
Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events: Final report of the Pooling Project. Journal of Chronic Diseases 31:210-306.

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Coronary Drug Project Research Group (1980)
Influence of adherence to treatment and response of cholesterol on mortality in the coronary drug project. New England Journal of Medicine 303:1038-41.

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Editorial (1980)
Aspirin after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1:1172-3.

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DeSilva RA, Hennekens CH, Lown B, Cassells W (1981)
Lignocaine prophylaxis in acute myocardial infarction: An evaluation of randomised trials. Lancet 17:855-858.

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Loeliger EA (1981)
Oral anticoagulation in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. Acta Medica Scandinavica 651(suppl):305-315.

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Hampton JR (1981)
Presentation and analysis of the results of clinical trials in cardiovascular disease BMJ 282:1371-1373.

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Andrews G, MacMahon SW, Austin A, Byrne DG (1982)
Hypertension: comparison of drug and non-drug treatments. BMJ 284:1523-1526.

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Baber NS, Lewis JA (1982)
Confidence in results of beta-blocker postinfarction trials. BMJ 284: 1749-1750.

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Blackburn BA, Smith H, Chalmers TC (1982)
The inadequate evidence for short hospital stay after hernia or varicose vein stripping surgery. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine (NY) 49:383-390.

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Editorial (1982)
Long-term and short-term beta-blockade after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1:1159-1161.

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Hampton JR (1982)
Should every survivor of a heart attack be given a beta-blocker? Part I Evidence from clinical trials. BMJ 285:33-36.

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Lewis JA (1982)
Beta-blockade after myocardial infarction- a statistical view. Br J Clin Pharmac 14:15S-21S.

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Stampfer MJ, Goldhaber SZ, Yusuf S, Peto R, Hennekens CH (1982)
Effect of intravenous streptokinase on acute myocardial infarction: pooled results from randomized trials. New England Journal of Medicine 307:1180-1182.

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May GS, Eberlein KA, Furberg CD, Passamani ER, DeMets DL (1982)
Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: A review of long-term trials. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 24:331–352.

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Baber NS, Lewis JA (1983)
Beta-adrenoreceptor blockade and myocardial infarction: When should treatment start and for how long should it continue? Circulation 67(suppl I):I-71-I-75.

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Canner PL (1983)
Aspirin in coronary heart disease. Comparison of six clinical trials. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 19:413-423.

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Devine EC, Cook TD (1983)
A meta-analytic analysis of effects of psychoeducational interventions on length of postsurgical hospital stay. Nursing Research Practice 32(5):267-74.

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Furberg CD, Bell RL (1983)
Effect of beta-blocker therapy on recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction. Circulation 67 (suppl I): I-83-I-85.

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Leizorovicz A, Boissel JP (1983)
Oral anticoagulant in patients surviving myocardial infarction. A new approach to old data. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 24:333-336.

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Rose G, Tunstall-Pedoe HD, Heller RF (1983)
UK heart disease prevention project: Incidence and mortality results. Lancet1:1062-6.

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Tran ZU, Weltman A, Glass GV, Mood DP (1983)
The effects of exercise on blood lipids and lipoproteins: A meta-analysis of studies. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 15(5):393-402.

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Yusuf S, Sleight P (1983)
Limitation of myocardial infarct size. Present status. Drugs 25:441-450.

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Bassan MM, Shalev O, Eliakim A (1984)
Improved prognosis during long-term treatment with beta-blockers after myocardial infarction: Analysis of randomized trials and pooling of results. Heart Lung 13:164-168.

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Simons-Morton BG, Coates TJ, Saylor KE, Sereghy E, Barofsky I (1984)
Great Sensations: a program to encourage heart healthy snacking by high school students. Journal of School Health 54:288-91.

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Kornitzer M, Rose G (1985)
WHO European Collaborative Trial of multifactorial prevention of coronary heart disease. Preventive Medicine 14:272-8.

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Puska P, Nissinen A, Pietinen P, Iacono J (1985)
Role of dietary fat in blood pressure control. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum. 176:62-9.

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Sacks HS, Chalmers TC, Berk AA, Reitman D (1985)
Should mild hypertension be treated? An attempted meta-analysis of the clinical trials. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 52:265-270.

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Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P (1985)
Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease 27:335-371.

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Bass MJ, McWhinney IR, Donner A (1986)
Do family physicians need medical assistants to detect and manage hypertension? Canadian Medical Association Journal 134:1247-55.

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Connor MK, Smith LG, Fryer A, Erickson S, Fryer S, Drake J (1986)
Future Fit: A cardiovascular health education and fitness project in an after-school setting. The Journal of School Health 56(8): 329-333.

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Evans CE, Haynes RB, Birkett NJ, Gilbert JR, Taylor DW, Sackett DL, Johnston ME, Hewson SA (1986)
Does a mailed continuing education program improve physician performance? Results of a randomized trial in antihypertensive care. JAMA 24-31;255:501-4.

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Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI) (1986)
Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 397-402.

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World Health Organisation European Collaborative Group (1986)
European collaborative trial of multifactorial prevention of coronary heart disease: final report on the 6-year results. Lancet 1:869-72.

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Vartiainen E, Puska P, Tossavainen K, Viri L, Niskanen E, Moisio S, McAlister A, Pallonen U (1986)
Prevention of non-communicable diseases: Risk factors in youth. The North Karelia Youth Project (1984-88). Health Promotion 1:269-83.

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ISIS-1 (first International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1986)
Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group. Lancet 2:57-66.

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Yusuf S, Simon R, Ellenberg SS (1987)
Proceedings of the workshop on methodologic issues in overviews of randomized clinical trials, May 1986. Statistics in Medicine 6:217-409.

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Lindor KD, Hughes RW, Ilstrup DM, Jensen (1987)
Intragastric balloons in comparison with standard therapy for obesity - a randomized, double-blind trial. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 62:992–6.

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Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration (1988)
Secondary prevention of vascular disease by prolonged anti-platelet treatment. BMJ 296:320-331.

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ISIS-2 (second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1988)
Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 332:349–360.

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MacMahon S, Collins R, Peto R, Koster RW, Yusuf S (1988)
Effects of prophylactic lidocaine in suspected acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from the randomized, controlled trials. JAMA 260:1910-6.

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Meshkinpour H, Hsu D, Farivar S (1988)
Effect of gastric bubble as a weight reduction device: a controlled, crossover study. Gastroenterology 95:589–92.

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Fors SW, Owen S, Hall WD, McLaughlin J, Levinson R (1989)
Evaluation of a diffusion strategy for school-based hypertension education. Health Education Quarterly 16:255-61.

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Hine LK, Laird N, Hewitt P, Chalmers TC (1989)
Meta-analytic evidence against prophylactic use of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Archives of Internal Medicine 149:2694-8.

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Knutsen SF, Knutsen R (1991)
The Tromsø survey: The family intervention study-the effect of intervention on some coronary risk factors and dietary habits, a 6-year follow up. Preventive Medicine 20:197-212.

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Antman EM, Lau J, Kupelnick B, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC (1992)
A comparison of results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts. JAMA 268:240-248.

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Arbeit ML, Johnson CC, Mott DS, Harsha DW, Nicklas TA, Webber LS, Berenson GS (1992)
The heart smart cardiovascular school health promotions: Behaviour correlates of risk factor change. Preventive medicine 21:18-32.

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Cowley AJ, Skene A, Stainer, Hampton JR (1993)
The effect of lorcainide on arrhythmias and survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology 40:161-166.

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Gomel M, Oldenburg B, Simpson JM, Owen N (1993)
Work-site cardiovascular risk reduction: A randomized trial of health risk assessment, education, counseling, and incentives. American Journal of Public Health 83:1231-1238.

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Lewis BS, Lynch WD (1993)
The effect of physician advice on exercise behavior. Preventive medicine 22:110-121.

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Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration (1995)
Protocol for a prospective collaborative overview of all current and planned randomized trials of cholesterol treatment regimens. American Journal of Cardiology 75:1130-1134.

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Yusuf S (2000)
Challenges in the conduct and interpretation of phase II (pilot) randomized trials. . American Heart Journal 139:S136-42.

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Horn J (2001)
Calcium antagonists in Stroke. ISBN 90-9014236-3.

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Lumley T (2002)
Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons. Statistics in Medicine 21:2313-2324.

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Sandercock P, Roberts I (2002)
Systematic reviews of animal experiments. Lancet 360:586. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09812-4.

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Psaty BN, Lumley T, Furberg CD, Schellenbaum G, Pahor M, Alderman MH, Weiss NS (2003)
Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents - a network meta-analysis. JAMA 289:2534-2544

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O'Collins VE, Macleod MR, Donnan GA, Horky LL, van der Worp BH, Howells DW (2006)
1,026 experimental treatments in acute stroke. Annals of Neurology 59:467-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20741

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Sena ES, Briscoe CL, Howells DW, Donnan GA, Sandercock PA, Macleod MR (2010)
Factors affecting the apparent efficacy and safety of tissue plasminogen activator in thrombotic occlusion models of stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 30:1905-13.

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Sena ES, van der Worp HB, Bath PMW, Howells DW, Macleod MR (2010)
Publication bias in reports of animal Stroke studies leads to major overstatement of efficacy. PLoS Biol 8(3): e1000344. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000344

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Sena ES, Currie GL, McCann SK, Macleod MR, Howells DW (2014)
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of preclinical studies: why perform them and how to appraise them critically. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 34:737-742. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.28

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Wartolowska KA, Collins GS, Hopewell S, Judge A, Dean BJF, Rombach I, Beard DJ, Carr AJ (2016)
Feasibility of surgical randomised controlled trials with a placebo arm: a systematic review. BMJ Open 6: p.e010194.

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Misemer BS, Platts-Mills TF, Jones CW (2016)
Citation bias favoring positive clinical trials of thrombolytics for acute ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional analysis. Trials 17:473.

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Hahn RA, Teutsch SM (2021)
Saving lives by modifying the process of science: Estimated historical mortality associated with the failure to conduct routine prospective cumulative systematic reviews. American Journal of Biomed Science and Research 14(6):531-534.

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Tröhler U (2003).
Withering’s 1785 appeal for caution when reporting on a new medicine. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Vandenbroucke JP (2003).
Aspirin: an unanticipated beneficial effect. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Elwood P (2004).
The first randomized trial of aspirin for heart attack and the advent of systematic overviews of trials. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Hampton J (2004).
An early parallel group trial in cardiology. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Hemminki E (2005).
Commentary on an early placebo controlled trial in Finland. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Furberg CD (2009).
How should one analyse and interpret clinical trials in which patients don’t take the treatments assigned to them? JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Hemminki E (2010).
Martti Simeon Kalke (1898-1976). JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Hampton J (2015).
Therapeutic fashion and publication bias: the case of anti-arrhythmic drugs in heart attack. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Sackett DL† (2015).
Why did I become a clinician-trialist? JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Peto R (2016).
Reflections on the design and analysis of clinical trials and meta-analyses in the 1970s and 1980s. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Zwarenstein M (2016).
‘Pragmatic’ and ‘Explanatory’ attitudes to randomized trials. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Treasure T (2016).
Documenting the dramatic effects of operative treatment of mitral stenosis. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Treasure T (2017).
Turning blue babies pink: Alfred Blalock’s shunt for Fallot’s Tetralogy. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Tognoni G, Franzosi MG, Garattini S (2018).
Embedding patient- and public health-oriented research in a national health service: the GISSI experience. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Meinert C† (2019).
The trials and tribulations of the University Group Diabetes Program: lessons and reflections. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Jefferson T (2019).
Sponsorship bias in clinical trials – growing menace or dawning realisation? JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Tröhler U (2020)
Probabilistic thinking and the evaluation of therapies, 1700-1900. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Gøtzsche PC (2021).
Citation bias: questionable research practice or scientific misconduct? JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Podolsky SH (2022).
The (Harry) Gold Standard: angina, suggestion, and the path to the “double-blind” test and Clinical Pharmacology. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Chalmers I, Matthews R, Glasziou P, Boutron I, Armitage P† (2023).
Analysis of clinical trial by Treatment Allocated or by Treatment Received? Applying ‘the intention-to-treat principle’. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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Nylenna, M (2023).
Paul Owren, Christopher Bjerkelund and the dawn of controlled trials in Norway. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation.

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